Ivan the Terrible A Military History【電子書籍】[ Alexander Filjushkin ]

＜p＞＜strong＞An in-depth look at the military strategy of the first Russian ruler to invade Europe.＜/strong＞＜/p＞ ＜p＞Ivan's campaigns against the Livonian Confederation were initially very successful. In 1558, Russian soldiers occupied Dorpat and Narva, and laid siege to Reval, creating vital trade routes over the Baltic Sea. At the Battle of Ergema, the Russians defeated the knights of the Livonian Order, fueling Ivan's dreams of a Russian Empire.＜/p＞ ＜p＞However, as Erik XIV of Sweden recaptured Reval, and the Poles joined forces with the Lithuanians, the war began to turn against Ivan. In 1571, an army of 120,000 Crimean Tatars crossed the River Ugra, crushed the Russian defenses, and burned Moscow to the ground.＜/p＞ ＜p＞As Ivan became increasingly paranoid and violent, he carried out a number of terrible massacres. It is thought that more than forty thousand were killed when the Russians sacked the town of Novgorod in 1570, and many were tortured and murdered in front of Ivan and his so．．．楽天市場のショップで商品詳細の続きを見る